Jirasak Thongseela, Choke Sorachakula, Krittanon Chotprom, Supannika Promsuriya, Somchart Tana* J. Sci. Agri. Technol. (2026) Vol. 7 (1): 8 – 14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/jsat.2026.2 Abstract Rice straw is one of the most widely available agricultural by-products in Thailand. However, its directuse as ruminant feed is constrained by low crude protein concentration, high structural fiber content, and